Implementasi Sistem Rujukan Layanan Kesehatan: Systematic Literature Review
Abstract
Abstract
The Health Care Referral System is a service system that controls the delegation of authority and responsibility for health problems which is carried out reciprocally vertically or horizontally, in the sense of a unit with less capability to a more capable unit. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of the health service referral system in terms of regulations, health personnel resources and infrastructure. This research is a systematic review (Systematic Literature Review). The data synthesis process was carried out by comparing 15 literatures that met the quality assessment as well as inclusion and exclusion criteria with the database sources used, namely, Google Scholar, Pubmed, ScienceDirect. The data is processed and presented in tabulated form. The results showed that several countries such as Indonesia, Iran, Northern Tanzania, Riyadh, Ghana, Zambia and Hoduras from the articles reviewed used a referral system starting from the basic level (Primary), secondary level (Secondary) and tertiary level (Tertiary). Judging from the three aspects of the implementation of the health service referral system reviewed, it shows that there are problems in its implementation, including; the regulatory aspect found only 2 literatures that discussed regulations in the implementation of the referral system, the aspect of health personnel resources was found to be unavailability of health workers in health services causing patient referral and infrastructure aspects found obstacles in inadequate infrastructure resulting in referral.
Keywords: implementation, referral system, health care
Abstrak
Sistem Rujukan Pelayanan Kesehatan merupakan sistem pelayanan yang mengendalikan pelimpahan wewenang serta tanggung jawab atas permasalahan kesehatan yang dilakukan secara timbal balik secara vertikal ataupun horizontal, dalam makna dari unit yang berkemampuan kurang ke unit yang lebih, terjangkau dan rasional. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui implementasi sistem rujukan layanan kesehatan dilihat dari aspek regulasi, sumber daya tenaga kesehatan dan sarana prasarana. Penelitian ini merupakan tinjauan sistematis (Systematic Literature Review). Proses data sintesis dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan 15 literature yang memenuhi penilaian kualitas serta kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi dengan sumber database yang digunakan yaitu, Google Scholar, Pubmed, ScienceDirect. Data diolah dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan beberapa negara seperti Indonesia, Iran, Tanzania Utara, Riyadh, Ghana, Zambia dan Hoduras dari artikel yang direview menggunakan sistem rujukan yang dimulai dari tingkat dasar (Primary), tingkat menengah (Secondary) dan tingkat tersier (Tertiary). Dilihat dari ketiga aspek implementasi sistem rujukan layanan kesehatan yang direview menunjukkan adanya permasalahan dalam pengimplementasiannya diantaranya; aspek regulasi ditemukan hanya 2 literature yang membahas regulasi dalam pengimplementasian sistem rujukan, aspek sumber daya tenaga kesehatan ditemukannya ketidaktersediaan tenaga kesehatan di layanan kesehatan sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya rujukan pasien dan aspek sarana prasarana ditemukannya hambatan pada infrastruktur yang tidak memadai sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya rujukan
Kata Kunci: implementasi, sistem rujukan, layanan kesehatan
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.47007/inohim.v9i2.312
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